Setting Up a Workplace Ergonomics Program

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most frequently reported causes of lost work time. They include conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, rotator cuff injuries, and lower back pain. An effective ergonomics program identifies and mitigates the risk factors that contribute to these injuries, reducing both human suffering and employer costs.

Why Ergonomics Matters

The business case for ergonomics is compelling:

• MSDs account for a significant portion of all workplace injuries and illnesses
• Workers compensation costs for ergonomic injuries are substantial
• Lost productivity from absenteeism and reduced performance adds to the financial impact
• Ergonomic improvements often increase productivity by making work easier and more efficient
• Employees who work in comfortable, well-designed environments report higher job satisfaction

While OSHA does not have a specific ergonomics standard, it can cite employers under the General Duty Clause for ergonomic hazards that are recognized and likely to cause serious harm.

Identifying Ergonomic Risk Factors

Common workplace risk factors that contribute to MSDs include:

• Repetitive motions: Performing the same movement patterns repeatedly throughout the workday
• Forceful exertions: Lifting, pushing, pulling, or gripping with excessive force
• Awkward postures: Working in positions that strain the body, such as reaching overhead, bending, or twisting
• Static postures: Maintaining the same position for extended periods
• Contact stress: Resting wrists on hard surfaces or using tools that press into the hand
• Vibration: Using vibrating tools or operating vibrating equipment

Conducting Ergonomic Assessments

Evaluate your workplace systematically:

• Walk through each work area and observe how employees perform their tasks
• Identify jobs with high rates of MSDs or employee complaints about discomfort
• Use ergonomic assessment checklists or tools to evaluate specific risk factors
• Talk to employees about discomfort, pain, or difficulty performing tasks
• Review injury logs and workers compensation claims for patterns related to ergonomic issues
• Prioritize high-risk jobs for intervention

Implementing Ergonomic Solutions

Solutions can be engineering controls, administrative controls, or personal equipment:

Engineering controls (preferred):

• Adjustable workstations, chairs, and monitor stands
• Anti-fatigue mats for standing work
• Ergonomic tools and equipment designed to reduce force and awkward postures
• Conveyor systems or lift assists to reduce manual handling
• Proper lighting to reduce eye strain and awkward head positions

Administrative controls:

• Job rotation to reduce repetitive exposure
• Scheduled rest breaks
• Stretching programs
• Workload adjustments to reduce pace or volume

Training:

• Proper lifting techniques
• Correct workstation setup and adjustment
• Recognizing early signs of MSDs and reporting discomfort promptly
• Stretching and micro-break exercises

Maintaining the Program

An ergonomics program requires ongoing attention:

• Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions by tracking injury rates and employee feedback
• Re-assess workstations when employees change roles or equipment changes
• Conduct periodic workplace walkthroughs to identify new risk factors
• Train new employees on ergonomic practices during onboarding
• Encourage a culture of early reporting so problems can be addressed before injuries occur
• Document program activities and improvements for accountability